The Railway Museum of Slovenia is divided into two sections: a collection of vehicles (steam locomotives, coaches, wagons and other historic rolling stock) and a permanent exhibition relating to various fields of railway history and technology.

The museum originated in 1981 when the Ljubljana Railway Directorate established a Museum Section to manage the collection of old steam locomotives stored at Parmova ulica 35 and also acquired new premises for a depository, workshop and exhibition area. In 1991 the institution was renamed the Railway Museum of the Slovene Railways, focused on the old roundhouse building with its permanent exhibition of 10 steam locomotives. In 1999 the roundhouse was renovated, and in 2004 a new exhibition building was opened to public nearby, presenting the development of the railway network, the construction and maintenance of railway lines, the development of the railway network, railway uniforms, the traffic control centre, communications, and signalling and safety installations. Future plans envisage the Railway Museum being incorporates into a major National Museum of Transportation (including both rail and road vehicles) which will be implemented under the guidance of the Technical Museum of Slovenia.