Founded in 1986, this quarterly bilingual publication of the Institute of Hán-Nôm Studies features the latest research and scholarship on chữ Hán (classical Han Chinese, also known as chữ nho) which remained the language of the Vietnamese royal court until as late as 1918 and the special ideographic script known as chữ nôm which was devised as early as the 13th century for transcribing spoken Vietnamese. It has a print run of 1,000 per issue.