The early modern period was marked by the arrival of Lutheranism through the Hanseatic port of Bergen and its subsequent establishment as the Norwegian state church. At this time a steady economic recovery was in progress at home, though overseas Norway became inextricably involved in the wars waged by Denmark against Sweden and the Baltic Sea powers, with the resulting loss of several Norwegian territories. Following the election of Frederik III as king of Denmark-Norway in 1660, a new constitution was drawn up, ushering in a period of absolute monarchy. However, whilst in practice Norway was governed from Copenhagen, real power lay in the hands of state officials based in Christiania (Oslo), who generally took advice from high-ranking Norwegians before implementing policy decisions.