The future of music in Kabul is quite unpredictable. The traditional musicians would like to rebuild the Kharabat, bring back their master musicians from abroad, and train new generations in the arts of the Kabuli ghazal and classical rebab playing. Others musicians, often amateurs from educated backgrounds, are more interested in the instruments of western popular music, and with modernising and westernising Afghan music.

All of which raises some interesting dilemmas for those who would like to help the people of Afghanistan re-establish their music culture.